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Great question,

Social media companies don’t really sell your database directly (that would be too risky and against privacy laws in most countries). Instead, they make huge money by monetizing user data indirectly. Here’s how it works:

1. Advertising (the biggest source)

1. Social media platforms know your age, gender, location, interests, online behavior, and even shopping habits.
2. They use this to create highly targeted ads.
3. Example: If you’re a 30-year-old in Malaysia who likes fitness, the platform will show you gym membership ads instead of baby products.
4. Advertisers pay more money because the targeting is extremely precise compared to TV or newspaper ads.
   This is why Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube earn billions from ads alone.

2. Data-driven marketing tools

1. They sell access to their advertising platform, not the data itself.
2. Businesses use tools like Facebook Ads Manager, TikTok Ads, or Twitter Ads to reach very specific groups.
3. Example: A shoe brand can choose to target only women aged 18–25 in Kuala Lumpur who liked Nike’s page and recently searched for sports gear.
4. This kind of micro-targeting is possible only because of the huge user database.

3. Behavior prediction

1. Social media algorithms predict what you will click, watch, or buy next.
2. These predictions are sold as “audience insights” to advertisers.
3. Example: “Lookalike Audiences” ? If 10,000 people bought a product, the platform finds 1 million more users with similar behavior.

4. Selling aggregated insights

1. Instead of giving out raw user data, companies sell reports and trends.
2. Example: Twitter/X or TikTok might sell trend analytics to businesses, governments, or research firms.
3. This is still monetizing user data, but in a packaged, safe way.

5. Partnerships & APIs

1. Some platforms let third-party companies use API access (with restrictions).
2. Example: Marketing firms pay for insights like “best time to post” or “which audience engages most”.

6. E-commerce & Influencer Economy

1. Social media links data with shopping behavior (Instagram Shop, TikTok Shop, Facebook Marketplace).
2. They get commission cuts when you buy products via ads or influencers.

In short:
They don’t sell your name, email, or phone number (at least not legally). Instead, they sell targeted access to you through ads and insights, which is more valuable than selling the raw database.

A realistic example calculation so you can see how social media companies like Facebook, TikTok, or Instagram turn your data into billions.

Perfect let’s break it down with a realistic example calculation so you can see how social media companies like Facebook, TikTok, or Instagram turn your data into billions.

Example: Facebook (Meta)

1. Monthly Active Users (MAU): ~3 billion (worldwide)

2. Average Revenue Per User (ARPU): about $10 per quarter (varies by region).

Calculation:

3,000,000,000?users×10?USD per user per quarter=30,000,000,000?USD per quarter3,000,000,000 \, \text{users} \times 10 \, \text{USD per user per quarter} = 30,000,000,000 \, \text{USD per quarter}

That’s $30 billion every 3 months, just from ads.
Multiply by 4 about $120 billion per year.

Example: TikTok

1. Users worldwide: ~1.5 billion.

2. Estimated ARPU: around $3–$5 per quarter (lower than Facebook but growing fast).

Calculation (take $4 as average):

1,500,000,000×4=6,000,000,000?USD per quarter1,500,000,000 \times 4 = 6,000,000,000 \, \text{USD per quarter}

That’s $6 billion every 3 months about $24 billion per year.

Why so much money?

Because advertisers pay extra for precision:

TV ad: pay $1 million, maybe 1% of viewers care.

Facebook/TikTok ad: pay $1 million, and the ad only shows to people already interested. ROI is much higher so advertisers keep pouring money in.

Small user group example

Let’s say 10 million users in Malaysia use TikTok.

1. TikTok ARPU in Asia $2 per quarter.

10,000,000×2=20,000,000?USD per quarter10,000,000 \times 2 = 20,000,000 \, \text{USD per quarter}

So from Malaysia alone TikTok makes $80 million per year.

In short:
The user database = goldmine. Not because it’s sold directly, but because it powers ad targeting which becomes billions of dollars in revenue every year.

Thank you and have a nice day.